How Much Do Airline Pilots Make?
The salary of airline pilots can vary widely depending on a range of factors including experience, the type of aircraft flown, the airline they work for, and the region in which they are employed. In general, airline pilots are among the highest-paid professionals in the aviation industry, but their earnings are influenced by many variables.
Average Salary of Airline Pilots in the U.S.
In the United States, airline pilot salaries typically range from around $70,000 to over $350,000 per year. According to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual wage for airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers was approximately $211,790 in 2023. However, this number can be somewhat misleading because entry-level pilots and senior captains earn very different salaries.
Here’s a general breakdown of what pilots might earn:
- Entry-level First Officers (co-pilots): $70,000–$120,000 per year
- Experienced First Officers: $120,000–$180,000 per year
- Captains at major airlines: $200,000–$350,000+ per year
Factors That Affect a Pilot’s Salary
1. Type of Airline
The size and financial health of the airline play a significant role in pilot pay. Major airlines such as Delta, American Airlines, United, and Southwest typically offer much higher salaries than regional airlines like Envoy Air or SkyWest. At regional carriers, a first officer might earn closer to $50,000–$70,000 annually, especially at the beginning of their career.
2. Seniority and Experience
Seniority is one of the biggest factors in determining pay. Most airlines operate on a seniority-based pay scale, meaning that the longer a pilot works for an airline, the more they earn. Pilots begin as first officers and eventually move up to the rank of captain, which comes with a substantial pay increase.
3. Aircraft Type
The size and complexity of the aircraft also influence pay. Pilots flying wide-body jets like the Boeing 777 or Airbus A350 on international routes are paid more than those flying smaller regional jets or narrow-body aircraft like the Boeing 737.
4. Flight Hours and Schedule
Airline pilots are typically paid per flight hour, but their monthly or annual income depends on how many hours they actually fly. The FAA limits pilots to 1,000 flight hours per year, so maximizing flight time within those limits is key to higher earnings. Pilots who take on more long-haul or international routes can earn more due to longer flight durations and increased per diem.
5. Bonuses and Incentives
Many airlines offer signing bonuses, retention bonuses, and profit-sharing plans, especially during pilot shortages. Some major U.S. carriers have offered bonuses exceeding $20,000–$50,000 to attract experienced pilots or retain current employees.
Regional vs. Major Airline Pay Example
- Regional Airline First Officer (1st year): ~$55,000
- Regional Captain (5+ years): ~$90,000–$120,000
- Major Airline First Officer (5–10 years): ~$160,000
- Major Airline Captain (10+ years): ~$250,000–$350,000+
Other Perks and Benefits
In addition to base salary, pilots often receive:
- Per diem allowances for meals and travel
- Health and retirement benefits
- Free or discounted flights for themselves and their families
- Paid vacation and sick leave
- Hotel accommodations during layovers
Final Thoughts
Airline pilot salaries reflect the responsibility, skill, and training required for the job. While it may take years of flying experience and investment in flight training to reach top-tier earnings, the career path can be financially rewarding. Whether working for a regional airline or a major international carrier, pilots enjoy not only competitive pay but also the unique benefits that come with a life in the skies.